Java provides four access modifiers for controlling the visibility of classes, methods, and variables. These are public.
Public: Accessible from any class in any package.
Protected: Available in the same package and to subclasses in other packages.
Default (Package-private): Accessible only from the same package; does not require a keyword.
Private: Accessible only within the declared class.
These access modifiers enforce encapsulation to the extent of restricting and providing access. For example, a private modifies data toward hiding it. A public permits access to any level with higher usage as well as making it clearly defined upon which interaction.
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